基于测试数据的卡箍非线性等效建模方法

为了快速准确地计算卡箍管路系统的振动响应，提出了基于测试数据的卡箍非线性等效建模方法。对卡箍直管系统进行低幅值激励的模态测试，利用试验数据对有限元模型进行修正，识别卡箍线性刚度、线性阻尼参数。对卡箍直管系统开展不同激励水平下的恒力测试，通过样条插值多项式法将恒力频响函数转换为恒位移、恒速度频响函数，并进一步识别卡箍非线性等效刚度、非线性等效阻尼，建立了考虑卡箍非线性的等效动力学模型。研究表明:该卡箍等效动力学模型的预测频响函数与试验频响函数的最大误差仅为-6.9%，可以有效地反映卡箍实际的刚度、阻尼特性，对解决卡箍管路系统的振动响应分析具有重要的指导意义。      

A new modeling scheme for powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle platforms: Theory and experiments

A novel framework is established for accurate modeling of Powered Parafoil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (PPUAV). The model is developed in the following three steps: obtaining a linear dynamic model, simplifying the model structure, and estimating the model mismatch due to model variance and external disturbance factors. First, a six degree-of-freedom linear model, or the structured model, is obtained through dynamic establishment and linearization. Second, the data correlation analysis is adopted to determine the criterion for proper model complexity and to simplify the structured model. Next, an active model is established, combining the simplified model with the model mismatch estimator. An adapted Kalman filter is utilized for the real-time estimation of states and model mismatch. We finally derive a linear system model while taking into account of model variance and external disturbance. Actual flight tests verify the effectiveness of our active model in different flight scenarios.     

Influence of thickness and initial groove angle in M–K model on limit strain of 7B04 by considering through-thickness stress

Marciniack–Kuczinski (M–K) model is widely used to predict material’s forming limit curve (FLC). The prediction of FLC traditionally neglected through-thickness normal stress. However, it cannot be neglected in some forming processes. Much work has been done to study the effect of through-thickness normal stress on FLC with constant through-thickness normal stress or constant ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress. In addition, based on Nakazima test process, the ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress has been derived, which was a function of instantaneous thickness and loading path. Here, initial groove angle in M–K model was not considered. In this paper, uniaxial tension tests and Nakazima tests were performed on 7B04 aluminum alloy. Based on Hill 48 yield criterion and M–K model, the prediction model of FLC was established. The increase of thickness can enhance FLC. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consider through-thickness normal stress and initial groove angle in prediction model. On the left side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is weakened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is strengthened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the relation between limit strain points with different thicknesses is linear under one certain loading path. Thickness has decisive effect on through-thickness normal stress level and the changing trendy of through-thickness normal stress during calculation is different under different stress condition.     

散射对高温气体-碳黑颗粒混合物辐射传输的影响

基于全光谱k分布(Full spectrum k distribution,FSK)模型、MIE理论和有限体积法(Finite volume method,FVM),构建了均温、均质辐射参与性气体-碳黑颗粒混合物介质热辐射传输模型,并分析了碳黑不同尺寸、不同体积浓度以及介质不同路径长度和不同温度条件下,因忽略碳黑颗粒散射所导致的介质热辐射传输特性(如辐射热流、辐射源项)的计算误差。研究结果表明:体积分数不变,增大粒径,计算误差呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;数密度不变,增大粒径,或者粒径不变,增大体积分数,均将使得计算误差相应增大;粒径、体积分数不变,增大路径长度,或者升高介质温度,均将增大计算误差。通常对于含有大颗粒、高碳黑浓度的辐射参与性气体-碳黑颗粒混合物介质,碳黑颗粒散射不能忽略。     

复杂动态环境下无人飞行器动态避障近似最优轨迹规划

针对复杂动态环境下无人飞行器的动态障碍规避问题，基于合理假设建立了无人飞行器和动态障碍的运动学模型，并综合考虑无人飞行器飞行过程中的终端约束、控制输入约束、安全避障约束等，以能量最少为性能指标构建动态避障问题数学描述。之后，针对终端约束和控制输入约束，依据优化模型预测静态规划算法(OMPSP)生成初始轨迹；针对动态避障问题的不等式约束，引入松弛变量并结合滑模变结构控制方法设计松弛变量动力学，实现对一个、多个或同时多个动态障碍的安全规避；最后，依据有限时间微分动态规划(RHDDP)算法进行轨迹优化，获得满足上述各种约束并能规避动态障碍的近似最优轨迹。     

Which way is the bookstore? A closer look at the judgments of relative directions task

We present a detailed analysis of a widely used assay in human spatial cognition, the judgments of relative direction (JRD) task. We conducted three experiments involving virtual navigation interspersed with the JRD task, and included confidence judgments and map drawing as additional metrics. We also present a technique for assessing the similarity of the cognitive representations underlying performance on the JRD and map-drawing tasks. Our results support the construct validity of the JRD task and its connection to allocentric representation. Additionally, we found that chance performance on the JRD task depends on the distribution of the angles of participants’ responses, rather than being constant and 90 degrees. Accordingly, we present a method for better determining chance performance.     

增广误差模型算法在目标跟踪中的应用

针对目标机动运行过程中,滤波模型与机动状态模型失配的问题,提出了一种新的增广状态误差滤波模型。不同于现有增广方案,该模型从模型失配所致状态滤波误差的角度出发,将状态估计误差增广为一状态量,通过滤波估计后用其校正原状态量。算法分析表明,该增广滤波模型具有自适应调节多重渐消因子的等效特性,增强了对目标的跟踪能力。基于该增广状态误差滤波模型,给出了滤波算法设计并进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,基于该模型的滤波算法在对机动目标进行跟踪时具有更强的鲁棒性。     

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

多支点柔性转子系统临界转速稳健设计方法

基于响应面法和容差模型提出了定量考虑参数变差影响的转子系统临界转速稳健设计方法。该方法利用响应面模型获得多参数、多目标之间的函数关系,并以多阶临界转速分布为约束条件、以临界转速对支承刚度变差敏感度最低为设计目标。对小涵道比涡扇发动机低压转子系统临界转速稳健设计结果表明:在考虑各支点支承刚度变差情况下,采用多参数、多目标稳健设计方法,可保证多支点柔性转子系统的临界转速特性在满足设计要求的同时,转子系统临界转速对支承刚度变差的敏感度最低,验证了该方法的有效性。      

低排放燃烧室NO_x排放试验及预测方法研究

为了研究中心分级贫油低排放燃烧室的排放特性和排放预测方法,针对一个低排放头部方案,在单头部燃烧室试验件上,在不同的温度、压力、油气比、供油模式和分级比条件下,测量其排放性能。以Lefebvre排放经验预测公式为基础,采用经验分析方法拟合排放试验数据,归纳出适用于本头部方案的排放预测公式。表征预测好坏的判定系数R2在小工况下和大工况下分别为0.95和0.93,表明预测结果与试验结果符合度较好。小工况和大工况排放特性不同,对仅预燃级喷油的小工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受化学恰当燃烧温度和预燃级局部当量比的影响;对预燃级和主燃级同时喷油的大工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受燃烧区温度和主燃级燃油比例的影响。